How Earthworms Find Their Way Without Eyes, Ears, or a Nose

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Beneath our feet, hidden in the soil, an astonishing world unfolds, led by one of nature’s most diligent workers — the common earthworm.

This creature, with no eyes, ears, or nose, finds itself on an endless journey through the earth, traveling up to 185 feet per hour in the dark.

Earthworm hanging on a finger
This medium-sized earthworm travels about 185 feet per hour in the soil looking for food. But how does it know where it’s going in the dark, without eyes, ears, or a nose?

Earthworms may seem to wriggle without purpose, but they’re actually in search of organic material — tiny scraps of decaying plants and roots.

And they find this food with their incredible ability to navigate underground using their skin!

You see, earthworms use their entire skin to “feel” the world around them. In fact, their skin is so finely tuned that they can detect moisture and nutrients from decaying leaves, roots, and plants nearby.

This sense guides them through the soil toward their food. And with each inch they travel, they’re zeroing in on exactly what they need to survive.

Their sensitivity to vibrations is equally impressive: Earthworms can pick up on very subtle vibrations, like the ones coming from growing plant roots!

The process of growth involves tiny movements as roots push through the soil, expand, and absorb water and nutrients. Earthworms can sense these slight disturbances with their skin, and this helps them find areas rich in organic matter to feed on.

Of course, if the vibration is loud like a mower or footsteps overhead, an earthworm will instinctively burrow deeper to avoid the danger.

Some birds use earthworms’ sensitivity to vibrations to their advantage. The birds tap on the ground to make the same vibrations as rain falling on the ground. The worms sense the vibration and think it’s rain, so they come up to the surface for a drink. And bam – the birds catch themselves a tasty treat. In this case, it’s the clever rain bird that catches the worm, not the early bird.

And as the seasons shift, earthworms sense the changing temperature, digging down to escape the winter cold and emerging in spring to carry on with their work in warmer soil. It’s an unspoken rhythm they follow, driven by their skin’s sensitivity alone.

In their quiet, sightless way, earthworms are masters of survival. Where each movement and each turn underground is guided by a network of senses that we can hardly imagine, allowing them to navigate, feed, and thrive in a world without light.

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