Traditional cone hats, known as madhalla, are an essential part of Yemeni women’s attire, especially for those working in the heat of Hadramaut and other regions.
Temperatures in the fields, especially in areas like Hadramaut, can soar during the summer months. In the inland desert regions, such as the Hadramaut Valley, temperatures regularly reach 40°C (104°F) and sometimes even higher, surpassing 45°C (113°F) during heatwaves. Coastal areas can also be extremely hot but often come with high humidity, making the heat feel more oppressive.
These intense conditions, especially during the summer season, are one of the reasons why practical headgear like the madhalla is essential for protection against the sun.
These striking hats, made from woven palm fronds, are designed with a tall, pointed peak and a wide brim to shield wearers from the scorching sun.
The unique structure, which can reach nearly two feet in height, creates a cooling effect by promoting airflow inside the hat. This natural ventilation helps keep the head cool in the harsh desert climate, making the madhalla a practical solution to extreme heat.
The hats are crafted from strips of date palm leaves, a material that is abundant and sustainable in Yemen. These strips are plaited together by hand, often by local artisans, preserving a traditional skill passed down through generations.
Women wearing these hats often pair them with black abayas (a loose overgarment) and work as herders or in the fields.
While the madhalla is less commonly seen outside of Yemen, they can sometimes be found in markets, known as souqs in Yemen, or even bought online through specialized cultural shops.
